Optimal Sizing of On-Board Energy Storage Systems and Stationary Charging Infrastructures for a Catenary-Free Tram

Optimal Sizing of On-Board Energy Storage Systems and Stationary Charging Infrastructures for a Catenary-Free Tram

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This paper introduces an optimal sizing method for a catenary-free tram, in which both on-board energy storage systems and charging infrastructures are considered.To quantitatively analyze the trade-off between available charging time and economic operation, a daily cost function containing a whole life-time cost of energy storage and an expense of energy supplies is formulated for the optimal sizing problem.A mixed particle swarm optimization Slotted Spoon algorithm is utilized to find optimal solutions for three schemes: (1) ultracapacitors storage systems with fast-charging at each station; (2) battery storage systems with slow-charging at starting and final stations; (3) battery storage systems with fast-swapping at swapping station.A case study on an existing catenary-free tramline in China is applied to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.Results show that a daily-cost reduction over 30% and a Oven Anti Tilt Plate weight reduction over 40% can be achieved by scheme 2, and a cost saving of 34.

23% and a weight reduction of 32.46% can be obtained by scheme 3.